How to Read an Audiogram: An Audiologist’s Step-by-Step Guide

Written by- Dr. S.M. Tarique Najeeb

An audiogram is a graph that shows how well you hear different sounds. During a hearing test, you wear headphones and listen to beeps of different pitches and volumes, raising your hand when you hear them. The test measures sounds from 0 to 120 decibels and frequencies from 250 Hz to 8,000 Hz, which cover most everyday sounds.

Hearing loss affects over 466 million people worldwide, and audiograms help detect it early. Sounds you can’t hear at normal levels indicate the type and severity of hearing loss, helping doctors decide the right care or hearing aids for you.

Audiogram Insights: Know Your Hearing

An audiogram is essentially a graph showing a series of O’s (for right ear) and X’s (for left ear). The graph consists of values for different frequencies on the X-axis and volumes on the Y-axis. As you move from left to right on the chart, the frequencies increase from low-pitched to high pitched, while running from top to bottom, the volume of the sound amplifies. The position of O’s and X’s indicate the softest sounds heard by varying the frequencies. This is known as one’s hearing threshold. 

Hearing Loss Levels: Complete Guide

How to Read an Audiogram

On an audiogram, you’ll see O’s and X’s. These symbols show how well a person hears different sounds. If the symbol is lower on the chart, it means the person needs louder sounds to hear that frequency—they have more hearing loss at that pitch.

Hearing loss is usually grouped into mild, moderate, severe, and profound. Most people with hearing loss have trouble hearing high-pitched sounds, like birds chirping, women’s voices, or some consonants like F, K, TH, and S. Vowel sounds (A, E, I, O, U) are lower-pitched and easier to hear. People with hearing loss may miss certain consonants, which makes it hard to understand words like cat, show, or throw.

Here are some key measurements from an audiogram:

• Speech Reception Threshold (SRT): The softest level at which someone can hear and understand speech 50% of the time.
  
• Speech Discrimination: How many single-syllable words a person can correctly repeat at a louder volume (usually 30 dB above SRT).
  
• Word Recognition Score: The percentage of words a person can recognize at their hearing level.
  
• Acoustic Reflex: Checks how the ear muscles react to very loud sounds.
  
• Tympanometry: Measures how the eardrum moves with air pressure.
  
  • Type A: Normal eardrum movement
    
  • Type B: Limited movement, possible damage
    
  • Type C: Negative pressure in the ear
    

These tests help doctors understand which sounds a person can hear and which they have trouble with, so they can decide the best treatment or hearing aids.

Hearing Loss Levels: Mild, Moderate, and Severe Explained

Patients are often curious about the ‘percentage’ of their hearing loss. However, there is no specific formula that can convert the logarithmic dB values to a meaningful hearing loss percentage. Normal hearing range is defined as hearing threshold of -10 to 15 decibels at all frequencies. Given below are the definitions pertaining to various degrees of hearing loss experienced by patients:

1. Slight Hearing Loss: Hearing threshold in the range of 20 to 25 dB.
2. Mild Hearing Loss: Hearing threshold in the range of 26 to 40 dB.
3. Moderate Hearing Loss: Hearing threshold in the range of 40-55 dB.
4. Moderately-severe Hearing Loss: Hearing threshold in the range of 56-70 dB.
5. Severe Hearing Loss: Hearing threshold in the range of 71-90 dB.
6. Profound Hearing Loss: Hearing threshold above 90 dB.

Before coming to any conclusion, it is important to visit a local audiologist like SoundX for a thorough hearing examination

About Online Hearing Tests

The internet is replete with free online hearing tests which promise to provide a thorough examination of one’s hearing abilities. However, they can only help you gauge slightly into your hearing health, and are not a substitute of professional hearing tests run by audiologists or hearing care specialists. In order to get your condition diagnosed and treated properly, you need to see a professional who would not only run detailed hearing tests, but also perform a physical assessment of the ear canal. In some cases, hearing loss is reversible, and can be cured easily, like in the case of excessive build-up of earwax. The earwax might be the only reason for the inaccurate results you might obtain from an online hearing evaluation. Therefore, before coming to any conclusion, it is important that you visit a local audiologist and request for a thorough hearing examination. 

Bottom Line: Audiogram Insights

An audiogram is a very useful tool to check how well you hear. It’s a graph that shows the softest sounds you can hear at different pitches.

• If the O’s and X’s are near the top of the chart, your hearing is likely fine.
  
• If the symbols are lower, it could mean hearing loss.
  

Audiograms help your doctor understand the type and level of hearing loss. This way, they can suggest the right treatment, like a hearing aid. Many experts recommend custom hearing aids after looking at your audiogram so it fits your needs perfectly. The type of hearing aid may also depend on your lifestyle—whether you stay mostly indoors or spend time in noisy places.

Hearing loss can make everyday life harder, but a hearing aid can help make sounds louder and clearer. Remember, hearing aids cannot completely fix hearing loss, but they can help you hear better every day. With patience and regular use, your hearing can improve, making life easier and more enjoyable.

The type of hearing aid may also depend on your lifestyle—whether you stay mostly indoors or use travel-ready hearing aids in noisy places

FAQ

1. What is an audiogram?
An audiogram is a graph that shows how well you hear different sounds at different pitches and volumes.

2. What do the O’s and X’s on an audiogram mean?
O’s are for the right ear and X’s are for the left ear. Their position shows the softest sounds you can hear.

3. What do the top and bottom positions on an audiogram mean?
Symbols at the top mean your hearing is normal. Symbols lower down mean you need louder sounds to hear, which shows hearing loss.

4. What are the types of hearing loss?
Hearing loss can be slight, mild, moderate, moderately-severe, severe, or profound, depending on how soft a sound you can hear.

5. Can audiograms tell how bad my hearing loss is?
Yes! They show which sounds you can and cannot hear, helping doctors decide the right treatment.

6. What tests are part of an audiogram?
Some tests include Speech Reception Threshold, Speech Discrimination, Word Recognition, Acoustic Reflex, and Tympanometry.

7. Can online hearing tests replace a real audiogram?
No. Online tests can only give an idea of your hearing. A professional audiologist is needed for a proper test and treatment.

8. Can hearing aids fix hearing loss completely?
No. Hearing aids make sounds louder and clearer but cannot fully restore hearing. They help you hear better every day

Dr S.M. Tarique Audiologist says:

Don’t fall for the myths! Stay tuned to learn everything about ear care and protect your hearing health.

Visit Profile- Dr. S.M. Tarique Najeeb